What is engineering surveys?

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Technical research is a comprehensive study of the state of the environment and factors of anthropogenic impact for the rational and safe use of territories within the boundaries of populated areas and beyond. Surveys provide a comprehensive survey of conditions at a construction site. This is due to the fact that the key to long and trouble-free operation of buildings and structures is a three-dimensional examination and correct interpretation of the results obtained.

Contents of the article:

• Objectives of engineering surveys
• Stages of engineering surveys
• Types of engineering surveys
• What is geodetic survey?
• What is included in geodetic surveys?
• What is geological surveying?
• For what purposes are geological surveys carried out?
• What are hydrometeorological surveys?

Objectives of engineering surveys

• Comprehensive information about the future construction site is collected from geological, geodetic, environmental and hydrological points of view.
• Predicts changes that may occur under the mutual influence of objects and the natural environment.
• Identification of risks during construction work, their minimization and development of measures to eliminate the consequences.
• Improving reliability and safety, as well as consumer qualities of the facility.
• Optimizing the relationship between the building and the environment and identifying the potential of the building site.

Stages of engineering surveys

Survey work is carried out in four stages:

• Preparation. At the initial stage engineering surveys in Simferopol archival documents are collected and studied. Soil data, maps, sections, plan composition and physical and mechanical properties. At the preparation stage, the actual scope of work is determined, the methodology and equipment for sample collection are selected.
• Field. At this stage, comprehensive work is carried out in accordance with the site engineering survey plan. Measures are being taken to collect soil, water and air samples, and measurements of physical indicators and other natural values ​​are carried out.
• Laboratory. Selected samples are sent to the laboratory to study the required properties.
• Cameral. The final stage includes generalization, analysis and systematization of data obtained during field and laboratory work. The technical report is the result of the desk stage of geological exploration work.

Types of engineering surveys

The type of work that needs to be done on site depends on the specific task. Research activities can be divided into two areas:

• Economic. It’s about providing the best conditions for construction. Justification of the economic feasibility of construction through the selection of local building materials and water supply. Calculation of balanced selection of resources.
• Technical. A comprehensive study of the territory aimed at a verified selection of sites for development.

All current technical research is divided into five types: surveying, geology, hydrometeorology, ecology, geotechnical engineering and geodesy.

What is geodetic survey?

Geodetic work on the site is carried out during the pre-project period. They are designed to collect and process the necessary and complete package of data on the site. At the stage of geodetic research, the coordinates of spatial objects and elevation points of the earth’s surface are determined. They give an idea of ​​the volume of excavation work in the construction area. Geodetic research includes cartography work. Data obtained by geomorphological methods are applied to plans, maps and diagrams. They are checked against archival documents, changes are identified and corrected.

What is included in geodetic surveys?

• Collection, research and systematization of archival information. Archival data on the history of research in the construction sector.
• Ground reconnaissance. Surveying the site, determining the best points for the area and obtaining the coordinates of the points for inclusion in the geodetic network.
• Development of new and existing reference geonetworks.
• Organization of planned high-altitude geodetic networks.
• Topography using aerial photogrammetric and stereophotogrammetric methods.
• Topographic survey of underground and surface communications and structures.
• Updated cadastral plans in graphic, photographic and digital formats.
• Hydrographic engineering.
• Migration into nature and connection of geophysical points.
• Work on shrinkage and deformation of building foundations and planned monitoring of changes in geological rocks in areas of development of dangerous man-made and seismic processes.
• Entering data into information systems and ledgers.
• Preparation of topographic, thematic and cadastral maps, special atlases in graphic and digital format.
• Materials processing.
• Preparation of technical reports.

What is geological surveying?

Geological surveys during construction are a series of tasks aimed at studying the geological and hydrogeological conditions at a construction site. Soil properties are studied and change over time. Engineering and geological surveys are crucial stages preceding the design of a new building, renovation, or demolition of an existing building.

For what purposes are geological surveys carried out?

During a geological survey, the expert obtains answers to the following questions:

• Soil composition.
• The location and thickness of the soil in the geological section. Knowing the composition and thickness of the soil layer allows for the selection of the appropriate foundation type.
• Soil freezing depth. This determines the foundation depth.
• The presence and depth of an aquifer. This factor influences the choice of building foundation and the feasibility of installing drainage systems for water drainage.
• Determining the aggressiveness and corrosivity of groundwater. The presence of large amounts of salt in water-saturated soils can lead to concrete corrosion, making it impossible to achieve the required strength of the concrete mix. Soil physical and mechanical properties. It’s important to know parameters such as compressive and shear resistance. Based on this data, the foundation’s bearing capacity is subsequently calculated. This data then informs the selection of building materials and the design of the possible number of floors.
• A geological survey report provides substantiated answers regarding the choice of foundation type, possible foundation loads, the likelihood of flooding, possible seismic changes, the need for drainage and soil compaction, and can also optimize the cost of land acquisition for construction.

What are hydrometeorological surveys?

What are hydrometeorological surveys?

What are engineering surveys?