Dump truck: types, characteristics, device
Vehicles equipped with a self-unloading mechanism are called dump trucks. In this case, the cargo can be placed on the chassis (as an option – a bunker body). When the sides are opened to create a sufficient angle of inclination, the contents fall into the unloading zone under their own weight. For lifting, dump trucks are almost always equipped with hydraulic units, which can be telescopic. The advantage of dump trucks is that, unlike totes, 20-ton trucks or trucks, no additional hands are needed to unload this type of equipment.
Contents of the article:
The principle of convenient unloading was initially implemented for the transportation of bulk fractions. Moreover, the size of the latter depends only on the carrying capacity of the vehicle and the volume of its body. So, if Kamaz is optimal for transporting grain or gravel, then for transporting huge ore heaps this equipment is more powerful both in weight and in size. Dump trucks are multidisciplinary vehicles. To perform a specific task, it is worth choosing the appropriate car model. Thus, the breadth of the scope of use of dump trucks, namely:
- Housing and communal services (removal of snow, garbage, etc.);
- Agriculture, such as delivering fertilizer or harvesting crops;
- Construction, including roads (crushed stone, gravel, sand, etc.);
- Mining industry;
- Logistics infrastructure at all levels.
Types of dump trucks
The versatility of trucks in this category is determined by the complexity of the classification, but only two principles are implemented: boosting and tipping. Based on the direction of unloading, there are rear, side, double-sided and universal types of machines.
The most understandable classification parameter is purpose. According to this aspect, the following types of vehicles exist:
- Road self-propelled vehicles are the most common. They can travel on public roads, as their carrying capacity rarely exceeds 40 tons (hence the name);
- Load-bearing models are characterized by a characteristic increase in load capacity up to a unique 450 tons. Large sizes and very low maneuverability determine their range. In open-pit mining, excavators load ore into them and transport it to the enrichment site;
- Despite the relatively modest power, called seismic, 10-50 tons, mining dump trucks have good maneuverability and speed. The hinged “breakable” frame provides very high maneuverability.
Another group is underground equipment that operates directly on faces at the slightest horizontal slopes. Structurally, it is made in the form of a tractor with a trailer on a double-joint hitch. It varies in lifting capacity over a wide range (1-40 tons).
Dump truck: characteristics
The breadth of the range of tasks solved by the training kit determines the variety of technical and operational parameters. For example, the number of wheel axles, the presence of all-wheel drive, the characteristics of the gearbox (manual/automatic), etc. are taken into account. These parameters determine what the dump truck will transport and where it will operate.
The main characteristics that determine the ability to perform certain tasks include:
- Load capacity 40 tons. Maximum requirement;
- Unique (equipment) weight – from 6 to 50 tons;
- The total weight of the cargo can exceed 500 tons;
- Maximum travel speed – 45-70 km/h;
- Engine power (200-700 hp).
Before choosing a dump truck, you should calculate the main characteristics that will allow the equipment to complete the task.
To drive a dump truck, the driver must have a license to drive such a vehicle. Some people are just trying buy rights to a dump truck without passing exams. But we must not forget that this does not comply with the legislation of any country and will be prosecuted by law, including criminal prosecution.
