Water well drilling technology

A fully equipped earth-moving rig based on Kamaz or Ural weighs approximately 14-15 tons. Arriving at a private site equipped with such equipment causes damage to the soil layer, decorative features, gardens and buildings.

Contents of the article:

• Pros and cons
• What wells can be drilled this way?
• What equipment is used instead of large equipment?
• Methods
• Conclusion

access to the “big size” at the excavation site allows you to cover fences, communications, site layout and soil features. In such circumstances, it is useful to start drilling a well without arriving on site.

Pros and cons

The advantages of alternative methods are obvious.

1. It becomes possible to drill wells in hard-to-reach places, in small areas and in narrow buildings.
2. Lightweight equipment works on all types of soil except rocky ones and works in areas with a lot of drips.
3. Where requirements for access to water intake areas are presented, they are minimal.
4. You can excavate under tree canopies, shingles, basements and garages.
5. Equipment maneuverability and ease of dismantling.
6. No serious damage to landscape structures and soil layers.

Disadvantages encountered when excavating without arriving are

1. Reduced productivity of small and prefabricated rigs, not to mention manual drilling methods.
2. Relatively small well depth is up to 60-90 m, casing diameter is 125-165 mm.
3. High labor costs due to the high cost of labor in the crew.

The listed disadvantages are not an obstacle to “easy” drilling. The declared depths are sufficient to organize a full-fledged built-in water supply for a private house, but the costs are compensated by the absence of damage to the site and buildings.

What wells can be drilled this way?

Small-sized drilling rigs are equipped with all major autonomous water supply sources. The technical parameters of the well and operating features depend on the specific conditions at the site, but there are general principles.

For fine sands (high water):

• Depending on the soil, hand drilling or light equipment may be used.
• The working period is 1-2 days.
• Water intake can be obtained at a shallow depth of around 15 m.

Wells are mainly used for domestic purposes as they produce churned water rather than crystal clear water. However, drinking properties can be achieved if a high-quality water purification system is installed.

• Like high water, it supplies water from the upper aquifer.
• The excavation pit is already shallower than the normal sandstone structure, about 10 meters deep.
• The work takes one working day and is performed using hand tools or a drilling rig, so it does not require major investment.

The water does not always meet hygienic standards and therefore requires treatment.

“Vodyanoy” Water Intake:

• The wells reach depths of 20-40 meters, with the sandstone aquifer located at a depth of 90 meters in the central zone.
• Powerful manual drilling allows access to a 20-meter layer. The wells are drilled to a deep field of view.
• Well installation takes approximately three days.

The water is of drinking quality. The source of the lower field of view of the site can be compared to artillery water. Limestone wells:

Water is drawn from a spring at a depth of 120 meters.

• In areas of the Moscow region, the aquifer is at a depth of 80 meters.
• In terms of composition and quality, these are pure artesian seas.
• Working with planks is technically complex and takes up to four days.
• A specially equipped, non-strutted artesian well design is used in relatively shallow sections of the aquifer. However, professional, compact equipment with powerful hydraulic systems is required.

What equipment is used instead of large-scale equipment?

What equipment is used instead of large equipment?

Lightweight drilling rigs mounted on compact vehicles. They perform deep drilling of up to 120-160 meters. If the water intake is located near the fence, the work is performed without the need for vehicles. If the site is further along the property, vehicles are brought in. The minimum entry width is 2-2. 5 meters.

1. Trailer-mounted equipment. Boreholes are filled to a maximum depth of 60-90 m. Portable equipment is used entirely without the need for transport. The excavator must be brought to the work site, and a sufficient clearance of 1. 2-1. 5 m must be provided.
2. Folding units are compact. They allow for “sidetracking” to depths of up to 40 m with borehole diameters smaller than 125 mm. No on-site visit is required—the equipment is removed from the vehicle and manually transported to the work site. These installations can be performed through a standard borehole width of 70-80 cm.
3. Manual drilling. This method involves completely locating the borehole without any need for a rig. This method is used to drill shallow boreholes of 15-30 meters with a diameter of 125 mm. This technique is also suitable for Abyssinian wells.
4. Methods

Methods

Manual operation. The most practical method is drilling boreholes using jacks. The manual auger is a Doroto pipe interlaced along the entire length of a metal plate. As the borehole is drilled deeper, the auger tool brings the soil to the surface. To reinforce the borehole walls after drilling, the casing is lowered using a face. The auger blade is angled 30-60 degrees toward the borehole face. Periodically, the augers are brought to the surface and extended with additional bars.

1. Drilling wells using small-scale self-flowing technology. With the cable method, the auger is lowered and installed on a cable attached to the drilling rig. The winch is secured using a hoist, and the pipe is quickly lowered using a ferrule and hits a clamped glass anvil at the top of the rod. The rod drills into dense soil. The drill string is lowered into the face using tubular rods in a reinforced swivel.
2. Use of dismountable rigs. Compact, portable machines can be quickly assembled and transported by two people. Rotary machines are in demand in this segment. Their operating mechanism is based on a drill with a powerful bit at the end. These are rotors. The working force is generated by an electric motor. Drilling occurs through the circular rotation of the drill while simultaneously squeezing the soil sludge. Soil sediment is removed by flushing with a special fluid.
3. Conclusion

Conclusion

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